前言：上一篇讲到了populateBean方法对Bean属性的依赖注入，此篇继续后面的内容。
7.BeanDefinitionValueResolver解析属性值
当容器在对属性进行依赖注入时，如果发现属性值需要进行类型转换，比如属性值是容器中另一个Bean实例对象的引用， 则容器首先需要根据属性值解析出所引用的对象，然后才能将该引用对象注入到目标实例对象的属性上去，对属性进行解析由resolveValueIfNecessary方法实现，源码如下：
//解析属性值，对注入类型进行转换
@Nullable
public Object resolveValueIfNecessary(Object argName, @Nullable Object value) {
//对引用类型的属性进行解析
if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanReference) {
RuntimeBeanReference ref = (RuntimeBeanReference) value;
//调用引用类型属性的解析方法
return resolveReference(argName, ref);
}
//对属性值是引用容器中另一个Bean名称的解析
else if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanNameReference) {
String refName = ((RuntimeBeanNameReference) value).getBeanName();
refName = String.valueOf(doEvaluate(refName));
//从容器中获取指定名称的Bean
if (!this.beanFactory.containsBean(refName)) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"Invalid bean name '" + refName + "' in bean reference for " + argName);
}
return refName;
}
//对Bean类型属性的解析，主要是Bean中的内部类
else if (value instanceof BeanDefinitionHolder) {
// Resolve BeanDefinitionHolder: contains BeanDefinition with name and aliases.
BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = (BeanDefinitionHolder) value;
return resolveInnerBean(argName, bdHolder.getBeanName(), bdHolder.getBeanDefinition());
}
else if (value instanceof BeanDefinition) {
BeanDefinition bd = (BeanDefinition) value;
String innerBeanName = "(inner bean)" + BeanFactoryUtils.GENERATED_BEAN_NAME_SEPARATOR +
ObjectUtils.getIdentityHexString(bd);
return resolveInnerBean(argName, innerBeanName, bd);
}
//对集合数组类型的属性解析
else if (value instanceof ManagedArray) {
ManagedArray array = (ManagedArray) value;
Class<?> elementType = array.resolvedElementType;
if (elementType == null) {
//获取数组元素的类型
String elementTypeName = array.getElementTypeName();
if (StringUtils.hasText(elementTypeName)) {
try {
//使用反射机制创建指定类型的对象
elementType = ClassUtils.forName(elementTypeName, this.beanFactory.getBeanClassLoader());
array.resolvedElementType = elementType;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
"Error resolving array type for " + argName, ex);
}
}
//没有获取到数组的类型，也没有获取到数组元素的类型
//则直接设置数组的类型为Object
else {
elementType = Object.class;
}
}
//创建指定类型的数组
return resolveManagedArray(argName, (List<?>) value, elementType);
}
//解析list类型的属性值
else if (value instanceof ManagedList) {
return resolveManagedList(argName, (List<?>) value);
}
//解析set类型的属性值
else if (value instanceof ManagedSet) {
return resolveManagedSet(argName, (Set<?>) value);
}
//解析map类型的属性值
else if (value instanceof ManagedMap) {
return resolveManagedMap(argName, (Map<?, ?>) value);
}
//解析props类型的属性值，props其实就是key和value均为字符串的map
else if (value instanceof ManagedProperties) {
Properties original = (Properties) value;
//创建一个拷贝，用于作为解析后的返回值
Properties copy = new Properties();
original.forEach((propKey, propValue) -> {
if (propKey instanceof TypedStringValue) {
propKey = evaluate((TypedStringValue) propKey);
}
if (propValue instanceof TypedStringValue) {
propValue = evaluate((TypedStringValue) propValue);
}
if (propKey == null || propValue == null) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
"Error converting Properties key/value pair for " + argName + ": resolved to null");
}
copy.put(propKey, propValue);
});
return copy;
}
//解析字符串类型的属性值
else if (value instanceof TypedStringValue) {
TypedStringValue typedStringValue = (TypedStringValue) value;
Object valueObject = evaluate(typedStringValue);
try {
//获取属性的目标类型
Class<?> resolvedTargetType = resolveTargetType(typedStringValue);
if (resolvedTargetType != null) {
//对目标类型的属性进行解析，递归调用
return this.typeConverter.convertIfNecessary(valueObject, resolvedTargetType);
}
//没有获取到属性的目标对象，则按Object类型返回
else {
return valueObject;
}
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
"Error converting typed String value for " + argName, ex);
}
}
else if (value instanceof NullBean) {
return null;
}
else {
return evaluate(value);
}
}
//解析引用类型的属性值
@Nullable
private Object resolveReference(Object argName, RuntimeBeanReference ref) {
try {
Object bean;
//获取引用的Bean名称
String refName = ref.getBeanName();
refName = String.valueOf(doEvaluate(refName));
//如果引用的对象在父类容器中，则从父类容器中获取指定的引用对象
if (ref.isToParent()) {
if (this.beanFactory.getParentBeanFactory() == null) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
"Can't resolve reference to bean '" + refName +
"' in parent factory: no parent factory available");
}
bean = this.beanFactory.getParentBeanFactory().getBean(refName);
}
//从当前的容器中获取指定的引用Bean对象，如果指定的Bean没有被实例化,则会递归触发引用Bean的初始化和依赖注入
else {
bean = this.beanFactory.getBean(refName);
//将当前实例化对象的依赖引用对象
this.beanFactory.registerDependentBean(refName, this.beanName);
}
if (bean instanceof NullBean) {
bean = null;
}
return bean;
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
"Cannot resolve reference to bean '" + ref.getBeanName() + "' while setting " + argName, ex);
}
}
分析可知Spring是如何将引用类型，内部类以及集合类型等属性进行解析的，属性值解析完成后就可以进行依赖注入了， 依赖注入的过程就是Bean对象实例设置到它所依赖的Bean对象属性上去，依赖注入是通过bw.setPropertyValues方法实现的，该方法也使用了委托模式， 在BeanWrapper接口中定义了方法声明，依赖注入的具体实现交由其实现类BeanWrapperImpl来完成，接下来分析BeanWrapperImpl中依赖注入相关的源码。
8.BeanWrapperImpl对Bean属性的依赖注入
BeanWrapperImpl类主要是对容器中完成初始化的Bean实例对象进行属性的依赖注入，即把Bean对象设置到它所依赖的另一个Bean的属性中去。 BeanWrapperImpl中的注入方法由AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor来实现，源码如下：
//实现属性依赖注入功能
protected void setPropertyValue(PropertyTokenHolder tokens, PropertyValue pv) throws BeansException {
if (tokens.keys != null) {
processKeyedProperty(tokens, pv);
}
else {
processLocalProperty(tokens, pv);
}
}
//实现属性依赖注入功能
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private void processKeyedProperty(PropertyTokenHolder tokens, PropertyValue pv) {
//调用属性的getter(readerMethod)方法，获取属性的值
Object propValue = getPropertyHoldingValue(tokens);
PropertyHandler ph = getLocalPropertyHandler(tokens.actualName);
if (ph == null) {
throw new InvalidPropertyException(
getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.actualName, "No property handler found");
}
Assert.state(tokens.keys != null, "No token keys");
String lastKey = tokens.keys[tokens.keys.length - 1];
//注入array类型的属性值
if (propValue.getClass().isArray()) {
Class<?> requiredType = propValue.getClass().getComponentType();
int arrayIndex = Integer.parseInt(lastKey);
Object oldValue = null;
try {
if (isExtractOldValueForEditor() && arrayIndex < Array.getLength(propValue)) {
oldValue = Array.get(propValue, arrayIndex);
}
Object convertedValue = convertIfNecessary(tokens.canonicalName, oldValue, pv.getValue(),
requiredType, ph.nested(tokens.keys.length));
//获取集合类型属性的长度
int length = Array.getLength(propValue);
if (arrayIndex >= length && arrayIndex < this.autoGrowCollectionLimit) {
Class<?> componentType = propValue.getClass().getComponentType();
Object newArray = Array.newInstance(componentType, arrayIndex + 1);
System.arraycopy(propValue, 0, newArray, 0, length);
setPropertyValue(tokens.actualName, newArray);
//调用属性的getter(readerMethod)方法，获取属性的值
propValue = getPropertyValue(tokens.actualName);
}
//将属性的值赋值给数组中的元素
Array.set(propValue, arrayIndex, convertedValue);
}
catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
throw new InvalidPropertyException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.canonicalName,
"Invalid array index in property path '" + tokens.canonicalName + "'", ex);
}
}
//注入list类型的属性值
else if (propValue instanceof List) {
//获取list集合的类型
Class<?> requiredType = ph.getCollectionType(tokens.keys.length);
List<Object> list = (List<Object>) propValue;
//获取list集合的size
int index = Integer.parseInt(lastKey);
Object oldValue = null;
if (isExtractOldValueForEditor() && index < list.size()) {
oldValue = list.get(index);
}
//获取list解析后的属性值
Object convertedValue = convertIfNecessary(tokens.canonicalName, oldValue, pv.getValue(),
requiredType, ph.nested(tokens.keys.length));
int size = list.size();
//如果list的长度大于属性值的长度，则多余的元素赋值为null
if (index >= size && index < this.autoGrowCollectionLimit) {
for (int i = size; i < index; i++) {
try {
list.add(null);
}
catch (NullPointerException ex) {
throw new InvalidPropertyException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.canonicalName,
"Cannot set element with index " + index + " in List of size " +
size + ", accessed using property path '" + tokens.canonicalName +
"': List does not support filling up gaps with null elements");
}
}
list.add(convertedValue);
}
else {
try {
//将值添加到list中
list.set(index, convertedValue);
}
catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
throw new InvalidPropertyException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.canonicalName,
"Invalid list index in property path '" + tokens.canonicalName + "'", ex);
}
}
}
//注入map类型的属性值
else if (propValue instanceof Map) {
//获取map集合key的类型
Class<?> mapKeyType = ph.getMapKeyType(tokens.keys.length);
//获取map集合value的类型
Class<?> mapValueType = ph.getMapValueType(tokens.keys.length);
Map<Object, Object> map = (Map<Object, Object>) propValue;
TypeDescriptor typeDescriptor = TypeDescriptor.valueOf(mapKeyType);
//解析map类型属性key值
Object convertedMapKey = convertIfNecessary(null, null, lastKey, mapKeyType, typeDescriptor);
Object oldValue = null;
if (isExtractOldValueForEditor()) {
oldValue = map.get(convertedMapKey);
}
//解析map类型属性value值
Object convertedMapValue = convertIfNecessary(tokens.canonicalName, oldValue, pv.getValue(),
mapValueType, ph.nested(tokens.keys.length));
//将解析后的key和value值赋值给map集合属性
map.put(convertedMapKey, convertedMapValue);
}
else {
throw new InvalidPropertyException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.canonicalName,
"Property referenced in indexed property path '" + tokens.canonicalName +
"' is neither an array nor a List nor a Map; returned value was [" + propValue + "]");
}
}
由此可知Spring IOC容器是这样将属性的值注入到Bean实例对象中的： (1)对于集合类型的属性，将其属性值解析为目标类型的集合后直接赋值给属性； (2)对于非集合类型的属性，大量使用了JDK的反射和内省机制，通过属性的getter方法(reader Method)获取指定属性注入以前的值， 同时调用属性的setter方法(writer Method)为属性设置注入后的值。
到这里Spring IOC容器对Bean定义资源文件的定位、载入、解析和依赖注入已经全部分析完了，现在Spring IOC容器中管理了一系列靠依赖关系联系起来的Bean， 程序不需要应用自己手动创建所需的对象，Spring IOC容器会在我们使用的时候自动为我们创建，并且注入好相关的依赖，这就是Spring核心功能的控制反转和依赖注入的相关功能。